13. AFFINITY ADSORBENTS FROM YEAST CELLS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO LYSOZYME PURIFICATION BY AFFINITY FILTRATION METHOD Barrera G, Ferraris P, Perez Padilla A, Rodrguez J. Fac Qum Bioqum Farm, Univ Nac San Luis, 5700 San Luis. Email: rodjar unsl .ar Affinity adsorbents from yeast cells modified by chemicals and with the Cibacron blue 3GA ligand molecule immobilized to the wall cell by covalent bond were prepared. Nucleotide-dependent enzymes bind most avidly to dye-ligands, as Cibacron blue, due to a superficial resemblance between the dyes and the nucleotides. These particles or macroligands of affinity were characterized by determination of adsorption capacity, binding constant and selectivity using egg white lysozyme as a target protein. Results indicate that the macroligands obtained have selective and reversible adsorption with lysozyme Kd : 10-5 10-6 M high adsorption capacity for lysozyme and low, non-specific interactions with other proteins of the sample. The affinity particles have an appropriate size mean diameter 5 m ; , and chemical mechanical stability. These characteristics of the macroligands are required to be used in affinity filtration. From these results, an application model of the macroligands to egg white lysozyme purification at a larger scale process was designed. The steps, operational variables, membrane and equipment that take part in affinity filtration technology was analyzed, showing that the choice of macroligand is of upmost importance in the purification process. The use of heat-killed yeast cells without dye ; as affinity macroligands to concavalin A purification by affinity ultrafiltration are described in the literature. 14. ORIENTATION OF THE LEAVES OF Larrea cuneifolia UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS Barrionuevo A, Verdes P 1, Magione A, Leporati J. 1 Proyecto 50404 SECYT ; , FICES, Univ Nac San Luis. E-mail: abarrio unsl .ar Larrea cuneifolia is an endemic species of the shrub-land of the Argentinean west. The phenolic nordihydroguararetic acid component of Larrea, is applied as an antioxidant in foods and pharmaceuticals, lubricant products and rubber. Additionally, it has fungicidal and tumor-inhibiting properties. L. cuneifolia leaves are oriented from east to west; this orientation, called paraheliotropic, is associated to the increase in light intensity, high temperatures and drought. The cause of the movement is to avoid the loss of water, for what a stomatic occlusion would be expected to avoid it. The behavior of samples was analyzed in vitro and ex vitro in environmentally controlled conditions, respecting the photoperiod. The positions of the faces of the leaves were modified, with the objective that they were led from east to west or the whole plant north to south. The measures of the leaves angles and the percentage of the hydric saturation showed that the leaves were not guided by water deficiency as it was expected. The orientation of the leaves was observed during the first days before beginning the water stress.

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Clinical Pharmacology: Metoclopramide stimulates motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract without stimulating gastric biliary or pancreatic secretions Its mode of action is unclear It seems to senst.ze tissues to the action of acetylcholine The effect of metoclopramide on motility is not dependent on intact vagal innervation. but it can be abolished by anticholinergic drugs Metoclopramide increases the tone and amplitude of gastric especially antral ; contractions, relaxes the pyloric sphincter and the duodenal bulb, and increases peristalsis of the duodenum and jejunum resulting in accelerated gastric empty ing and intestinaltransit It increasesthe resting tone ofthe lower esophageal sphincter It has little, if any effect on the motility of the colon or gallbladder Like the phenothiazines and related drugs. which are also dopamine antagonists. metoclopramide produces sedation and may produce extrapyramidal reactions. although these are comparatively rare See Warnings ; Metoclopramide inhibits the central and peripheral effects of apomorphine. induces release of prolactin and causes a transient increase in circulating aldosterone levels The onset of pharmacological action of metoclopramide is 1 to minutes following an intravenous dose. 10 to t minutes following intramuscular administration, and 30 to 60 minutes following an oral dose pharmacological effects persist for 1 to 2 hours Approximately 85% of the radioactivity of an orally admin istered radioactive dose appears in the urine within 72 hours Of the 85% eliminated inthe urine. about half was present asfree or conjugated metoclopramide Indications and usage: Diabetic gastroparesis Reglah Imetoclopramide h, 'drochloride ; Tablets are indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with acute and recurrent diabetic gastroparesis The usual manifestations of delayed gastric emptying ji e nausea. vomiting. persistent fullness after meals and anorexia ; . appear to respond to Reglan within different time intervals Significant relief of nausea occurs early and continues to improve over a three-week period Relief of vomiting and anorexia may precede the relief of abdominal fullness by one week or more Prevention of cisplatin induced emests. Reglari Injectable is indicated for the prophylaxis of vomiting associated with cisplatin cancer chemotherapy Small bowel intubation. Reglan Injectable may be used to facilitate small bowel intubation in adults and children in whom the tube does not pass the pylorus with conventional maneuvers.
A 2 year old Japanese Chin presented to us laterally recumbent with a 48 hour history of vomiting. He had been walking near a garbage dump several days earlier and could have gotten into some of the garbage. On initial bloodwork, the dog had a PCV 70%, TS 9 g dl, Glucose 48 mg dl, moderate increases in liver enzymes, mild azotemia, and extremely elevated pancreatic enzymes. Radiographs and ultrasound confirmed severe pancreatitis and extreme gastrointestinal stasis. Therapy was initiated with IV fluids, hetastarch, fresh frozen plasma, dextrose, antibiotics, and gastroprotectants. Reglan and Chlorpromaizine were given for vomiting. After 3 days, vomiting was still severe and no gastrointestinal sounds were present. Reglan was increased to the maximum dose of 2mg kg day and Cisapride was added to the regime. A nasogastric NG ; tube was placed and despite these motility drugs, 20-30 ml of reflux was removed every hour. Trickle feeding was started through the tube, but reflux worsened. Due to the severity of the GI signs, enteral nutrition could not be done without the placement of a jejunostomy tube a surgical procedure ; . Peripheral parenteral nutrition PPN ; was thus started on day 5 of hospitalization and continued for the next 3 days. After 2 days of PPN, and the addition of ranitidine which some has motility effects ; , we were able to start enteral feeding through an NG tube. The pancreas slowly improved, motility slowly returned, and after 10 days in the hospital, the dog went home feeling great. Peripheral, or sometimes called partial, parenteral nutrition PPN ; is a way to provide 50% of an animal's caloric needs using a sterile preparation of amino acids, dextrose, and lipids. This solution can be administered through a dedicated peripheral catheter and can be started at full administration rates right away. While total parenteral nutrition TPN ; can be given to provide 100% of an animal's caloric needs, it must be given through a central catheter and must be slowly increased to full dosing over 3 days and then weaned. Risks of parenteral nutrition include phlebitis, catheter related sepsis, and metabolic issues such as refeeding syndrome and hyperglycemia; all of these issues are more common with TPN than with PPN. We have now used PPN or TPN in about 10 patients mostly cases with severe pancreatitis or other severe gastrointestinal disorders. We have only had complications when using TPN and are thus now only using and protonix. Histological changes after induction of apoptosis Pancreatic tissue was normal in the control group with a low pathological score. In the AP group, pancreatic tissue displayed lobular mesenchymal rarefaction, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. In contrast, in the artemisinintreated group, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly relieved compared with the AP group Figure 1 ; . The pathological score showed alleviated pathological impairment in pancreatic tissue after treated with artemisinin P 0.05 vs the AP group ; Table 1 ; . Effect of artemisinin on induction of apoptosis and avoidance of oncosis As shown in Figure 2, the nuclei of normal cells showed normal morphology of green fluorescence, while apoptotic cells showed shrunk, condensed or splitted nuclei green ; . EB could be resisted by the intact cytoplasmic membrane of normal and apoptotic cells. EB could penetrate the cytoplasmic membrane of oncotic cells, and stain the nuclei of orange-stained cells. So, the apoptotic index or oncotic index, i.e. the number of apoptotic cells or oncotic cells per 100 cells, could be calculated Figure 3 ; . The results indicate that only sporadic apoptotic or oncotic cells were observed in the control group, but more in the AP and artemisinin-treated groups. In the AP group, there were less apoptotic cells and more oncotic cells. The number of apoptotic cells increased and the number of oncotic cells decreased significantly in the artemisinintreated group P 0.05 ; Table 1 ; . Effect of artemisinin on caspase-3 activity The activity of caspase-3 in isolated pancreatic acinar cells was low in the control group, and high in the AP. Guidelines of treatment and management of GERD and heartburn are available at: : acg.gi : gastro Guidelines of treatment and management of gastrointestinal spasms and ulcers are available at: : acg.gi ANTIDIARRHEALS OTC loperamide generic of IMODIUM A-D ; diphenoxylate atropine generic of LOMOTIL ; loperamide ANTIEMETICS meclizine generic of ANTIVERT ; metoclopramide generic of REGLAN ; QL ondansetron generic of ZOFRAN ; prochlorperazine generic of COMPAZINE ; promethazine generic of PHENERGAN ; trimethobenzamide generic of TIGAN ; dronabinol MARINOL ; scopolamine TRANSDERM SCOP and bentyl.

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