Scientific bias and non-disclosure in two examples: the prescription drug Syntrhoid and silicone breast implants. The Scientific Community is Increasingly Concerned about the Prevalence, Significance and Potential Prejudice of Pharmaceutical Industry Influence Upon Scientific Research in Academic Research Centers Corporate funding of medical research is commonplace, and due to diminishing public funding, an inevitable fact in the future of academic medicine. Catherine D. DeAngelis, MD, Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association JAMA ; , in her November 2000 article Conflict of Interest and the Public Trust, noted the "relative paucity" of public funds for clinical research: in 1999 the National Institutes of Health provided . 8 billion for research, while the top 10 pharmaceutical companies spent .7 billion. 1 Some academic institutions have entered into partnerships with drug companies for research centers and teaching programs in which students and faculty members perform industry research. For the academic institutions such arrangements provide badly needed funding, and the drug manufacturers get access to research talent and affiliation with a prestigious "brand, " using the reputation of the medical school to bolster the credibility of the industry-funded research. 2 Editorials from the leading medical journals lament increasing industry dominance in academia and the resulting disintegration of peer review and pure scientific hypothesis. Both JAMA and the New England Journal of Medicine published issues highlighting conflict of interest concerns in November of 2000.3 The New England Journal of Medicine revisited the issue in September of 2001, and JAMA devoted an issue to bias and quality of peer review in June of 2002. 4 Prominent scientists and medical researchers are increasingly raising important issues about potential bias in the manner in which pharmaceutical company-funded research is developed and reported, particularly where pharmaceutical company ties with and financial support of researchers are not disclosed. -3155521.1.
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In 2004, Abbott completed the spin-off of Hospira, Abbott's former hospital products business. Prior to the spin-off, the hospital pharmaceutical and vascular device businesses, which Abbott retained, were transferred to the pharmaceutical business and Abbott Vascular Products segment, respectively. Annual sales of Hospira were approximately .4 billion. As part of the spin-off, Hospira assumed 0 million of debt. The historical operating and cash flow results of Hospira are now presented as discontinued operations. Hospira is contractually obligated to purchase the international hospital assets and operations that were not included in the spin-off. TAP's contribution to Abbott's earnings has declined over the last two years. A part of the decline is due to increased competition for Prevacid, TAP's largest selling product, and due to market contraction for prescription proton pump inhibitors. In 2004, TAP recorded additional litigation reserves of 5 million for an anticipated legal settlement. Abbott's short- and long-term debt totaled .8 billion at December 31, 2004, largely incurred to finance acquisitions. Operating cash flows in excess of capital expenditures and cash dividends have allowed Abbott to reduce debt and fund acquisitions over the last three years. At December 31, 2004, Abbott's long-term debt rating was AA by Standard and Poor's and A1 by Moody's Investors Service. In 2005, Abbott will focus on several key initiatives. In the pharmaceutical business, Abbott expects worldwide sales of HUMIRA, its rheumatoid arthritis drug launched in 2003 and 2004, to exceed .3 billion in 2005. Abbott will also focus on appropriate market support for Synthroid, which became subject to generic U.S. competition in mid-2004. U.S. Zynthroid sales in 2004 and 2003 were 7 million and 5 million, respectively, and are projected to exceed 0 million in 2005. In 2005, Abbott expects a response from the FDA to Abbott's regulatory submissions made in 2004 for Xinlay, for prostate cancer, Kaletra once-daily dosing, Zemplar capsules, and additional HUMIRA indications, and TAP expects a response for its filing for Febuxostat. Abbott expects to submit a similar number of additional pharmaceutical regulatory filings in 2005. Pharmaceutical research and development efforts will continue to be focused in the five therapeutic areas noted above with a significant portion of the development expenditures allocated to new HUMIRA indications. In the immunoassay business, attention will be focused on improving revenue growth by capitalizing on recent product launches, launching additional products, and commercial execution of the existing broad product portfolio. In addition, Abbott expects to place with customers additional ARCHITECT immunochemistry diagnostic instruments in 2005. With a greater focus on consumer marketing, Ross will maximize the strength of its core brands and expand its healthy-living market presence. In the other business segments, Abbott will focus on developing or acquiring differentiated technologies in higher growth segments of those markets. Drugs which appear on the Maintenance Drug List may be dispensed in multiple-month increments when prescribed in that quantity. Consideration should be given to stabilization of the drug therapy before dispensing of up to 102-days supply in an attempt to reduce potential waste due to regimen changes or intolerance of the medication. The following list of medications are eligible for up to 102-days supply. * GENERIC Levobunolol Levodopa Levodopa Carbidopa Levothyroxine Lisinopril Lisinopril hydrochlorothiazide Losartan Potassium Losartan Potassium hydrochlorothiazide Lovastatin Meclizine Meclofenamate Medroxyprogesterone Meloxicam Mephenytoin Mephobarbital Metformin Metformin glyburide Methazolamide Methimazole Methionine Methsuximide Methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide Deserpidine Methyclothiazide Reserpine Methyldopa Methyldopa Chlorothiazide Methyldopa hydrochlorothiazide Methylphenidate Methyltestosterone Estrogen Metipranolol Metolazone Metoprolol Metoprolol hydrochlorothiazide Metyrosine Mexiletine Miglitol Minoxidil Misoprostol Diclofenac Sodium Moexipril Moexipril hydrochlorothiazide Montelukast Moricizine HCL Nabumetone Nadolol Nadolol Bendroflumethiazide Naproxen Nateglinide Nicardipine Nifedipine Nimodipine Nisoldipine Nitroglycerin Norelgestromin Ethinyl Estradiol Norethindrone Oral Contraceptives various ; Oxaprozin Oxcarbazepine Oxtriphylline Oxybutynin chloride Papaverine Paramethadione Trandolapril Trandolapril Verapamil Travoprost Triamterene Triamterene hydrochlorothiazide Trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide Reserpine Trimethadione Valproate Sodium Valproic Acid Valsartan Verapamil Verapamil Trandolapril Warfarin Sodium Zafirlukast Zileuton BRAND NAME Betagan Larodopa Sinemet Levoxyl Prinivil, Zestril Prinizide, Zestoretic Cozaar Hyzaar Mevacor Antivert Meclomen Provera Mobic Mesantoin Mebaral Glucophage, Glucophage XR Glucovance Neptazane Tapazole Uranap Celontin Aquatensen, Enduron Enduronyl Diutensin-R Aldomet Aldoclor Aldoril Ritalin Estratest, Estratest H.S. Optipranolol Zaroxolyn Lopressor, Toprol XL Lopressor HCT Demser Mexitil Glyset Loniten Arthrotec Univasc Uniretic Singulair Ethmozine Relafen Corgard Corzide Naprosyn Starlix Cardene Adalat, Procardia Nimotop Sular Nitrostat Ortho Evra Aygestin, Micronor Oral Contraceptives various ; Daypro Trileptal Choledyl SA Ditropan, Ditropan XL Pavabid Paradione Mavik Tarka Travatan Dyrenium Dyazide, Maxzide Aquazide, Naqua Metatensin Tridione Depakote Depakene Diovan Calan, Verelan, Covera-HS Tarka Coumadin Accolate Zyflo GENERIC Polythiazide Polythiazide Prazosin Polythiazide Reserpine Potassium Replacement-oral Pramipexol Pravastatin Prazosin Prazosin Polythiazide Prenatal Vitamins Primidone Procainamide HCl Prochloperazine Propafenone HCl Propranolol Propranolol Hydrochlorothiazide Propylthiouracil Quinapril HCl Quinethazone Quinethazone Reserpine Quinidine Quinidine Ramipril Rapaglinide Reserpine Reserpine Chlorthalidone Reserpine hydrochlorothiazide Reserpine hydrochlorothiazide Hydralazine Reserpine Hydroflumethiazide Reserpine Methyclothiazide Reserpine Polythiazide Reserpine Quinethazone Reserpine Trichlormethiazide Rofecoxib Ropinirole Rosiglitazone Maleate Selegiline Simvastatin Sotalol Spironolactone Spironolactone hydrochlorothiazide Sulindac Tamoxifen Tamsulosin Telmisartan Telmisartan hydrochlorothiazide Terazosin HCl Theophylline Thiethylperazine Thyroid Preparations Timolol Maleate Timolol Maleate Timolol maleate Dorzolam HCl Timolol hydrochlorothiazide Tocainide HCl Tolazamide Tolbutamide Tolcapone Tolmetin Tolterodine Tartrate Topiramate Torsemide BRAND NAME Renese Minizide Renese-R K-Dur, Klor-Con, Slow-K Mirapex Pravachol Minipress Minizide Prenatal Vitamins Mysoline Pronestyl Compazine-oral only Rythmol Inderal Inderide Propylthiouracil Accupril Hydromox Hydrotensin Quinaglute, Quinidex Quinidex, Quinaglute Altace Prandin Reserpine Demi-Regroton Hydroplus-50, Hydro-Reserp Serpazide Salutensin Diutensin-R Renese-R Hydrotensin Metatensin Vioxx Requip Avandia Atapryl, Eldepryl Zocor Betapace Aldactone Aldactazide Clinoril Nolvadex Flomax Micardis Micardis HCT Hytrin Slo-BID, Theo-Dur Torecan Synthrid Blocadren Timoptic, Timoptic-XE Cosopt Timolide Tonocard Tolinase Orinase Tasmar Tolectin Detrol, Detrol LA Topamax Demadex and ditropan.
Murphy completed the classes with perfect attendance. He earned a B in Physics II lab and an A in Physics II lecture, Organic Chemistry I lecture and Organic Chemistry I lab. On October 27, 1999, Judge Murphy enrolled in General Chemistry II and Organic Chemistry II and their corresponding labs. One class was taught on Monday and Wednesday evenings in five-hour sessions 5: 30 10: p.m. ; and the other was taught in five-hour sessions on the weekends, for a total of 20 hours of class a week. Judge Murphy completed the classes in mid-December. He missed only one class and earned A's in the classes and the labs. In November 1999, Judge Murphy completed the College Level Examination Program in Biology known as the "CLEP" test ; . He earned a score in the 99th percentile. The CLEP test and the science classes at Cleveland Chiropractic were all prerequisites for Judge Murphy's medical school application. On October 2, 1999, Judge Murphy filed an on-line application for Ross University. On the application he indicated that he did not have any disabilities that would interfere with the practice of medicine. On November 29, 1999, while on sick leave, Judge Murphy had a onehour application interview at the Ross University office in Glendale, California. During the interview Judge Murphy was "very upbeat, very articulate, very responsive, very coherent" and his health appeared fine. When the interviewer asked the judge how his health was, he responded by referring only to his thyroid condition, and told the interviewer he had no health problems. Judge Murphy indicated that he was still interested in and active in scuba diving and skiing and stated that he decided to apply to medical school because "medicine was his first love, his first career desire." He requested an expedited response because he "must notify Governor Gray Davis of his intent to resign his judgeship . Judge Murphy was accepted to medical school the next week for the term commencing on January 5, 2000. On December 17, 1999, as part of his visa application, Judge Murphy obtained a letter from the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department to the Chief of Immigration in Dominica attesting to his lack of criminal record and good character. The letter stated, "Judge Murphy will be traveling to Dominica on a vacation." On December 21, 1999, Judge Murphy obtained a certificate of good health from Dr. Boutros as part of his visa application. He did not obtain the certificate from Dr. Eshom, his treating physician, because he knew Dr. Eshom would not certify that he was in good health. The certificate listed Judge Murphy's thyroid condition as his only medical condition and listed Synthroid as the only medication that Judge Murphy was taking. On December 27, 1999, Judge Murphy purchased a round trip ticket to Dominica with a departure date of January 1, 2000, and a return date of April 22, 2000 the last day of classes at Ross University for the spring semester ; . On December 30, 1999, Judge Murphy faxed a disability slip signed by Dr. Eshom and dated "12 31" from his house to the court, as he had done on a number of occasions. The slip said, "Continues to be disabled. Unable to work until further evaluation." Judge Treu.
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Retail Prices By Pharmacy 30 days supply or 30 pills ; All price quotes are from our telephone survey conducted in August, 2006 Pharmacy Name City Address 1150 N. 35TH AVENUE Synthroid Telephone 100mcg 954-989-6300 18 N A 15.99 13.28 23.05.

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